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Bacteria Detection

Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that widely exist in nature. They have the characteristics of small size (0.5~5 μm), simple structure, rapid reproduction, easy variation and strong environmental adaptability.

Bacteria have many impacts on people's daily life and production. On the one hand, bacteria can parasitize in the human digestive tract to form a stable symbiotic relationship with humans, and can also be used by humans to construct various genetically engineered bacteria for food production, drug production and environmental purification. On the other hand, the existence of some major harmful pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella and staphylococcus aureus directly threaten the life and health of consumers.

Bacterial Classification

Bacterial Identification

Each bacterial colony has its own characteristics, such as colony size, dry or wet surface, raised or flat, rough or smooth, neat or irregular edges, transparent or translucent or opaque colony, color and texture loose or tight, etc. Therefore, the number and type of bacteria in the environment can be checked by plate culture. However, this method has a large workload, many experimental consumables, and a long experimental period, and can only cultivate a small number of microorganisms in the natural environment.

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Bacteria Detection Methods

The identification and detection of bacteria has important research value and practical significance in the fields of disease prevention and control, clinical diagnosis, and food hygiene and safety. With the continuous development of science and technology, there are various methods currently available for bacterial detection and analysis.

• Multi-cell Analysis-based Bacterial Analysis Methods
  Such methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), metabolomics, and various biosensing techniques. Analytical methods based on multicellular analysis indirectly reflect the presence of bacteria by analyzing specific components of the bacteria. These specific components may just be molecules released after the bacteria are lysed, and cannot confirm the real existence of the intact bacteria, nor can they simultaneously measure the physiological state of the bacteria. Therefore, the amount of information available is very limited.
• Bacterial Detection Methods at the Single-cell Level
  

  Flow Cytometry Analysis

  Microfluidic Chip Technology

  Flow cytometry is highly sensitive and can be used for detection and analysis without relying on the "cultivation" of bacteria, which overcomes a major obstacle in microbiology research and makes it feasible to study and observe "uncultivated" bacteria. At the same time, abundant information such as the size, quantity, nucleic acid content, cell activity, and classification of bacteria can be obtained through the scattered light and fluorescent signals of the flow cytometer.

  Microfluidic chip technology integrates fluorescence detection function and dielectrophoretic enrichment function, which can not only achieve high enrichment of target bacteria in microchips, improve detection sensitivity, but also realize in situ detection of bacteria. In addition, the system is also equipped with an independent power supply system, which can directly complete the detection analysis and data output inside the detection system, and realize the portable real-time detection of bacteria.

• CRISPR-Cas-based Bacterial Detection Method
  The CRISPR-Cas system is the adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea. In recent years, studies have found that after the enzyme cleavage activity of Cas12, Cas13 and other effector proteins is activated, in addition to cleaving the target nucleic acid, it also has a strong non-specific nucleic acid sequence incidental cleavage activity, which can achieve a signal amplification of more than 10⁴ times. Using the signal amplification property with shearing activity, by screening suitable target nucleic acids and designing high-efficiency signal reporter molecules, high-sensitivity, high-specificity, and low-cost detection of specific pathogenic bacteria can be achieved.

Our Services

Utilizing the DeteCas^TM platform based on the CRISPR-Cas system, CD BioSciences can provide various services in bacteria detection, such as DNA detection service and RNA detection service. If you are interested in these services, please contact us.

References

1. Xu, W.J., et al. Research progress on pathogenic bacteria detection technology based on CRISPR/Cas biosensing principle. Chinese Journal of Biological Engineering. 2021, 8(41): 8.
2. Sohrabi, H., et al. State of the art: Lateral flow assays toward the point-of-care foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection in food samples. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2022.

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