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Lung cancer, also known as primary bronchial lung cancer, refers to malignant tumors originating in the trachea, bronchi and lungs. Lung cancer has become the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. According to data, there are about 1.825 million new lung cancer patients and 1.6 million new deaths each year.
| Non-small Cell Carcinoma | This is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. Non-small cell lung cancer can be divided into several types, including:
Adenocarcinoma usually occurs in mucus-producing cells outside the lungs.
Squamous cell carcinoma is usually found in the pulmonary airways.
This type of cancer cannot be classified as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. |
| Small Cell Carcinoma | This type of lung cancer spreads more quickly than non-small cell lung cancer, but it is less common, accounting for about 15 percent of all lung cancers. |
There is an important factor that determines the survival of lung cancer patients: the time of diagnosis of the disease, the sooner the lung cancer is detected, the higher the survival rate. Therefore, early diagnosis of lung cancer is extremely important.
In general, chest radiographs can identify small noncalcified nodules in the lung that are ≥10 mm in diameter. Multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) low-dose scanning is currently the highest level of lung cancer screening technology. Low-dose MSCT can very accurately detect small lung cancers >5mm in diameter. The advantage of PET-CT is that it can perform simultaneous examination of the whole body, with higher specificity, but relatively low resolution, so it is suitable for qualitative diagnosis.
Lung Adenocarcinoma Tissue
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissue
Large Cell Carcinoma Tissue
Small Cell Carcinoma Tissue
Commonly used tumor markers for lung cancer include neuron-specific enolase (NSE), precursor gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) and squamous Cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCCA), etc. However, tumor marker test results must be combined with other test results and cannot be used alone to diagnose cancer.
Tumor biomarkers of lung cancer can be detected by line immunoassay (LIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and CRISPR molecular diagnostic techniques.
As an important supplement to imaging and cytology screening strategies, molecular diagnosis of lung cancer includes not only early diagnosis, but also prognostic indicators and prediction of targeted therapy.
At present, the molecular diagnosis of lung cancer mainly includes gene mutation and targeted therapy prediction, miRNA, cancer stem cells, methylation and so on.
In addition, biosensing technology based on CRISPR-Cas system, due to its high specificity and high sensitivity, can also be used for molecular diagnosis of lung cancer. For example, the SHERLOCK technology based on the CRISPR-Cas13 system can detect different mutations in liquid biopsies of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Utilizing the DeteCasTM platform based on the CRISPR-Cas system, CD BioSciences can provide various services in lung cancer diagnosis, such as nucleic acids detection service, protein biomarker detection service and small molecule detection service. If you are interested in these services, please contact us.
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