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Cervical cancer, also known as invasive cervical cancer, is the most common gynecological malignancy that occurs in the cervix. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. With the recent use of the HPV vaccine, cervical cancer will become the only cancer with a clear cause, the only cancer that can be prevented and treated early, and the only cancer that can be completely eradicated.
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Cervical Adenocarcinoma |
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At present, the high incidence of carcinoma in situ is 30 to 35 years old, and the invasive cancer is 45 to 55 years old. If cervical cancer develops into advanced cancer, it can easily affect the bladder or rectum. Therefore, early screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer can help patients receive timely and effective treatment.
Thin-layer Liquid-based Cytology Test (TCT) is an improved cervical exfoliated cell collection, preparation and reading method for the shortcomings of traditional Pap smear. In the past 10-15 years, TCT has gradually replaced the traditional Pap smear. Compared with the traditional Pap smear, TCT can collect more cervical cells, has higher specificity, and can detect Microbial infections such as molds, trichomoniasis, viruses, etc.
Colposcopy detection is suitable for patients with abnormal cervical cytology, mainly to observe the changes of epithelial blood vessels and tissues in cervical-vaginal lesions. At the same time of colposcopy biopsy, cervical scraping and curettage should be performed for unsatisfied colposcopy or postmenopausal women and those who have been treated with conization. Satisfactory colposcopy examination and high-quality pathological examination can be used for accurate diagnosis and correct treatment of cervical precancerous lesions.
Biosensing technology based on CRISPR-Cas system has high specificity and high sensitivity, and can be used for human papillomavirus (HPV) and biomarkers detection in cervical cancer diagnosis.
Currently, high-risk HPV testing has become one of the main methods of cervical cancer screening, which is important for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions. However, HPV infection does not necessarily lead to cervical cancer. There are more than 100 subtypes of HPV, divided into low-risk and high-risk types, and persistent infection with high-risk HPV is highly likely to develop into cervical cancer.
The researchers developed a diagnostic system called "DETECTR" (DNA Endonuclease Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter) that can accurately identify high-risk HPV types in samples infected with several different HPV types, namely HPV16 and HPV18.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCC)
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 80% to 85% of cervical cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) is mainly used for the diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and is the preferred tumor marker for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. SCC is involved in the regulation of proteolysis during normal and malignant transformation. The positive rate of SCC increases with the increase of clinical stage, that is to say, the later stage of cervical cancer, the higher the positive rate of SCC.
Other Cervical Cancer Biomarkers
In addition to cervical squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer also includes a type of cervical adenocarcinoma. Literature studies have shown that the expression of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and cancer antigen 199 (CA199) in cervical adenocarcinoma is higher than that in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and has more application value in the detection of cervical adenocarcinoma.
Utilizing the DeteCasTM platform based on the CRISPR-Cas system, CD BioSciences can provide various services in cervical cancer diagnosis, such as nucleic acids detection service, protein biomarker detection service and small molecule detection service. If you are interested in these services, please contact us.
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